Krishna opens Chapter 9 with the promise of the 'most confidential knowledge' — jñāna combined with vijñāna — to the non-envious Arjuna. Shankara reads this as the supreme purifier: knowledge of Brahman that liberates from the cycle of birth and death. Ramanuja emphasizes that this concerns the Lord's nature as the inner Self of all, revealed to the sincere. The bhakti tradition celebrates the Lord's loving initiative in sharing His most intimate knowledge. Madhva teaches this concerns Vishnu's supreme sovereignty — the truth that devotion alone leads to liberation. Abhinavagupta reads 'most secret' as too intimate and immediate for the outward-turned mind: consciousness knowing itself. Vallabhacharya says Krishna shares this out of spontaneous love, received only by the heart that loves. Tilak establishes that this highest knowledge must be both understood and applied through purposeful living. Vivekananda sees a universal promise: the highest wisdom is accessible to all who are sincere, with no priestly intermediary needed.