Krishna begins answering Arjuna's seven questions. Brahman is the Supreme Imperishable (Akshara). Adhyatma is one's own nature or inherent self (svabhava). Karma is the creative force (visarga) that brings beings into existence — the act of offering that sets the cycle of birth and manifestation in motion.
Synthesis
Krishna defines Brahman as the Supreme Imperishable, Adhyatma as one's own nature, and Karma as the creative impulse behind existence. These foundational definitions establish the framework for all that follows. Shankara sees Brahman as pure, attributeless consciousness. Ramanuja sees it as the Supreme Person with infinite attributes. The bhakti tradition finds in these definitions the map for the devotee's journey. Madhva identifies Brahman as Vishnu in His highest aspect, the soul as real and distinct. Abhinavagupta sees the triad as consciousness, its self-reflective power, and its creative dynamism. Vallabhacharya teaches that Brahman is Krishna's highest nature and karma flows as spontaneous expression. Tilak finds in karma as 'creative impulse' a profound validation of action. Vivekananda reads these as providing a complete, empowering worldview where actions matter and nature is rooted in the eternal.
Commentaries 8 traditions
Shankara identifies Akshara Brahman as the highest reality beyond all name and form. Svabhava as Adhyatma refers to the individual self's true nature, which is ultimately non-different from Brahman. Karma as visarga is the creative impulse arising from ignorance that perpetuates the cycle of manifestation. Liberation comes from recognizing that the self was never truly bound by karma.
Apply This Verse
Personal Growth
Your true nature (svabhava) is imperishable and worthy. Distinguishing between your essential self and the roles, titles, and circumstances you temporarily occupy is the foundation of genuine self-knowledge and inner freedom.
Questions this verse answers
- ?"What is my true nature beyond my roles and titles?"
- ?"How do I distinguish between who I really am and who I've been conditioned to be?"
- ?"What about me is permanent and what is temporary?"
- ?"How do I connect with the imperishable part of myself?"