Chapter 2: The Path of Knowledge · Verse 4

अर्जुन उवाच |

कथं भीष्ममहं सङ्ख्ये द्रोणं च मधुसूदन |

इषुभिः प्रतियोत्स्यामि पूजार्हावरिसूदन ॥४॥

arjuna uvāca |

kathaṃ bhīṣmamahaṃ saṅkhye droṇaṃ ca madhusūdana |

iṣubhiḥ pratiyotsyāmi pūjārhāvarisūdana ||4||

Arjuna said: O Madhusudana (Krishna), how can I fight with arrows in battle against Bhishma and Drona, who are worthy of my worship, O destroyer of enemies?

respect moral-dilemma authority conflicting-duties reverence

Synthesis

Arjuna raises a genuinely difficult moral question: how can one fight against those who deserve reverence? Bhishma is his grandfather and Drona his teacher — both figures of immense respect. This is not cowardice but a real ethical dilemma about conflicting duties. Shankara notes that Arjuna's confusion stems from not understanding that the Self in Bhishma and Drona is indestructible. Ramanuja observes that Arjuna confuses social obligation with spiritual duty. The Bhakti tradition sees this as the necessary questioning that precedes deeper understanding — Arjuna must voice his doubts fully before Krishna can address them. The Dvaita tradition acknowledges the reality of these moral obligations while placing them within God's overriding hierarchy. Kashmir Shaivism sees Arjuna's partial recognition of sacredness in his teachers — sacred, yes, but the sacred Self within them is beyond destruction. Vallabhacharya's path of grace subsumes love for the guru within love for the Supreme. Tilak's karma-yoga distinguishes personal sentiment from universal dharma. Vivekananda insists that true reverence means upholding truth, even against those one reveres.

Commentaries 8 traditions

Advaita Vedanta/Adi Shankaracharya

Shankara points out that Arjuna's dilemma rests on the assumption that killing the body means destroying the person. Once he understands that the Self (Atman) is eternal and cannot be slain, the moral conflict dissolves. The problem is metaphysical ignorance, not ethical complexity.

Apply This Verse

Personal Growth

Respecting someone does not mean you can never oppose them. When a mentor, parent, or authority figure is on the wrong path, true respect may require standing against them — not out of disrespect, but out of commitment to what is right.

Questions this verse answers

  • ?"How do I stand up to someone I deeply respect?"
  • ?"Can I disagree with my mentor and still honor them?"
  • ?"I feel guilty opposing my elders even when they're wrong"
  • ?"How do I separate respect for a person from agreement with their actions?"