Chapter 17: Three Kinds of Faith · Verse 2

श्रीभगवानुवाच |

त्रिविधा भवति श्रद्धा देहिनां सा स्वभावजा |

सात्त्विकी राजसी चैव तामसी चेति तां शृणु ॥२॥

śrībhagavānuvāca |

trividhā bhavati śraddhā dehināṃ sā svabhāvajā |

sāttvikī rājasī caiva tāmasī ceti tāṃ śṛṇu ||2||

Krishna answers: the faith of embodied beings is of three kinds, born of their inherent nature — sattvic, rajasic, and tamasic. Listen now about this threefold faith.

faith three-gunas nature self-awareness transformation

Synthesis

Krishna establishes the foundational framework: faith is threefold, corresponding to the three gunas that pervade all nature. This classification will structure the entire chapter. Shankara explains that faith arises from accumulated impressions (vasanas), with the three types reflecting the predominance of sattva, rajas, or tamas. Ramanuja emphasizes that past karma and divine will shape one's nature, but devotion can transform it. Madhva affirms that while nature conditions faith, guidance and devotion can elevate one's disposition toward sattva. Abhinavagupta sees the three types as degrees of contracted awareness, with sattvic faith closest to recognition of Shiva-consciousness. Vallabha emphasizes that faith is not immutable — through pushti, even tamasic faith can become pure devotion. The bhakti tradition holds that holy company can transform any quality of faith. Tilak applies this practically: understanding one's default disposition is the first step toward improvement. Vivekananda teaches that this classification is diagnostic, not deterministic — every person can raise the quality of their faith through conscious effort. The unanimity across traditions is clear: nature is the starting point, never the final word.

Commentaries 8 traditions

Advaita Vedanta/Adi Shankaracharya

Shankara explains that faith arises from one's inner disposition (svabhava), which is the accumulation of impressions from past lives. The three types correspond to the predominance of sattva, rajas, or tamas in one's psyche, coloring all perception and action.

Apply This Verse

Personal Growth

Your beliefs, motivations, and default reactions reveal your dominant inner quality. Recognizing whether your faith in life is driven by clarity, ambition, or inertia is the first step toward conscious growth.

Questions this verse answers

  • ?"What kind of faith do I naturally operate from?"
  • ?"How do I elevate my mindset from reactive to intentional?"
  • ?"Can I change my fundamental nature or am I stuck?"
  • ?"What shapes the quality of my beliefs and motivations?"