Chapter 14: The Three Gunas · Verse 1

श्रीभगवानुवाच |

परं भूयः प्रवक्ष्यामि ज्ञानानां ज्ञानमुत्तमम् |

यज्ज्ञात्वा मुनयः सर्वे परां सिद्धिमितो गताः ॥१॥

śrībhagavānuvāca |

paraṃ bhūyaḥ pravakṣyāmi jñānānāṃ jñānamuttamam |

yajjñātvā munayaḥ sarve parāṃ siddhimito gatāḥ ||1||

Lord Krishna declares He will again share the supreme knowledge, the highest of all knowledge, knowing which all the sages have attained the highest perfection from this world.

supreme knowledge liberation sages perfection

Synthesis

Krishna elevates this teaching above all prior instructions, calling it the supreme among all forms of knowledge. The Advaita tradition sees this as pointing to the direct knowledge of Brahman that liberates, while the Vishishtadvaita view holds that this knowledge concerns the self's relationship with prakriti and God. The Bhakti tradition notes that Krishna personally promises liberation through this wisdom. Madhva teaches that this supreme knowledge reveals the real binding power of the three gunas, and only God can grant the liberating insight the sages attained. Abhinavagupta interprets it as the recognition that the gunas are modes of Shakti's creative expression — the sages became free by recognizing them as consciousness's play. Vallabha teaches that even the gunas are divine instruments of God's lila. Tilak values this as the most practical knowledge — understanding the three forces of clarity, passion, and inertia that drive all action. Vivekananda sees it as the highest psychology, available to all who study their own minds honestly.

Commentaries 8 traditions

Advaita Vedanta/Adi Shankaracharya

Shankara explains that this knowledge is called supreme because it directly reveals the nature of Brahman beyond all qualities. By knowing this, the sages transcended worldly bondage and attained the highest realization of non-dual truth.

Apply This Verse

Personal Growth

Recognize that the deepest self-knowledge — understanding the forces that drive your moods, impulses, and habits — is the most liberating wisdom you can pursue.

Questions this verse answers

  • ?"What is the most important thing I can learn about myself?"
  • ?"Why do sages and wise people seem so at peace?"
  • ?"How does self-knowledge lead to freedom?"
  • ?"What knowledge is truly worth pursuing?"